Abstract
The article focuses on the semantics of space within Spenser’s chivalric allegory The Faerie Queene (1590/1596). Special attention is paid to the spatial model of allegorical castle from the second book of the poem. Spenser’s artistic manner is considered; in particular, his partaking of the mannerist style. There is offered an analysis of one of the most puzzling passages of the poem, the House of Temperance. The castle’s keep (the residence of the fair soul called Alma) is shaped as a healthy human body, housing several allegorical rooms. The keep of this allegorical castle was extensively discussed in criticism, as it seems, to the detriment of its fortifications and surroundings, without which the whole allegorical picture remains rather incomplete. This article considers the castle of Temperance in its wholeness, including the allegorical topography of its landscape. The keep/body is surrounded by a system of bulwarks, forming a structure similar to a pentangle: each bastion stands for one of the five senses. On the one side of the castle, there are wild woods where monsters (sins and seductions) live; on the other side, there is a lake holding the waters of baptism. The eclectic castle of Temperance is studied against the cultural and scholarly background of Spenser’s epoch. This article is a revised version of a paper presented at the 27 th Shakespeare Readings (Moscow, 2018).
References
1 Vitruvius P. Kniga tret’ia. Glava I. O sorazmernosti v khramakh i v chelovecheskom tele [Book three. Chapter I. On proportionality in temples and in the human body]. Vitruvius P. Desiat’ knig ob arkhitekture [De architectura (Ten books on architecture)], trans. into Russian by F.A. Petrovsky. Moscow, Izd-vo Vsesoiuznoi akademii arkhitektury Publ., 1936, pp. 65–67. (In Russ.)
2 Dmitriyeva O.V. Stsenografiia diplomatii: “Syny Zhelaniia” F. Sidni [A Scenography of Diplomacy: ‘the Sons of Desire’ by Philip Sydney]. Teatr i teatral’nost’ v kul’ture Vozrozhdeniia [Theater and Theatricality in the Renaissance Culture], ed. L.M. Bragina. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 2005, pp. 155–171. (In Russ.)
3 Likhachev D.S. Vnutrennii mir khudozhestvennogo proizvedeniia [The inner world of a literary work]. Voprosy literatury, 1968, no 8, pp. 74–87. (In Russ.)
4 Nesterov A.V. Allegoriia piati chuvstv v izobrazitel’nom iskusstve XIII–XVII vv.: evoliutsiia ot siuzheta k motivu [The allegory of the five senses in the 13–17 th cent. art: its evolution from a plot to a motive]. Bestiarii i chuvstva: sb. st. [The Bestiary and Sences: a collection of articles], ed. O.L. Dovgy. Moscow, Intrada Publ., 2017, pp. 9–51. (In Russ.)
5 Patronnikova Yu.S. Roman F. Kolonny “Gipnerotomakhiia Polifila” (1499) v kontekste renessansnoi kul’tury rubezha XV–XVI vv.: dis. kand. filos. nauk [Francesco Colonna’s novel Hypnerotomachia Poliphili (1499) in the context of Renaissance culture at the turn of 15 th and 16 th cent.: PhD thesis, summary]. Moscow, 2014. 226 p. (In Russ.)
6 Tchekalov K.A. Man’erizm vo frantsuzskoi i ital’ianskoi literaturakh. [Mannerism in French and Italian literatures]. Moscow, Nasledie Publ., 2001. 208 p. (In Russ.)
7 Eco U. Istoriia illiuzii. Legendarnye mesta, zemli i strany [orig. nazv.: Storia delle terre e dei luoghi leggendari, 2013] [Storia delle terre e dei luoghi leggendari / The book of legendary lands], trans. from Italian into Russian by A. Sabashnikova, A. Golubtsova, N. Samokhvalova, M. Morozova. Moscow, Slovo Publ., 2018. 480 p. (In Russ.)
8 Alpers P.J. Iconography in “The Faerie Queene”. P.J. Alpers. The Poetry of “The Faerie Queene”. Princeton, Princeton Univ. Press, 1967, pp. 200–234. (In English)
9 Bene Bartolommeo del. Civitas very, sive morum Bartholomei Delbene Patricii Florentini, Aristotelis de Moribus doctrinam carmine et picturis complexa, et illustrate commentariis Th. Marcili. Parisiis, Ambr. et <…> Drovart, 1609. 258 p. (In Latin)
10 Broaddus J.W. Spenser’s Allegory of Love. Social Vision in Books III, IV, and V of “The Faerie Queene”. London, Associated Univ. Presses, 1995. 185 p. (In English)
11 Burlinson Ch. Allegory, Space and the Material World in the Writings of Edmund Spenser. Cambridge, D.S. Brewer, 2006. XVI+256 p. (In English)
12 Camden C. The Architecture of Spenser’s “House of Alma”. Modern Language Notes, 1943, vol. 58, no 4, pp. 262–265. (In English) 13 Davis W.R. Alma, castle of. The Spenser Encyclopedia, ed. A.C. Hamilton. Toronto, Univ. of Toronto Press, 1997, pp. 24–25. (In English)
14 Eggebroten A. “Sawles Warde”: a retelling of “De Anima” for a female audience. Mediaevalia: A Journal of Medieval Studies. State Univ. of New York at Binghamton, 1984, vol. 10, issue 1, pp. 27–47. (In English)
15 Erickson W. Mapping the Faerie Queene. Quest Structures and the World of the Poem. New York; London, Garland Publishing, Inc., 1996. IX+150 p. (In English)
16 Fowler A. Spenser and the Numbers of Time. New York, Barnes & Noble, 1964. XII+314 p. (In English)
17 Glasser M. Spenser as Mannerist Poet: The “Antique Image” in Book IV of The Faerie Queene. Studies in English Literature, 1500–1900, vol. 31, no 1, 1991, pp. 30–33. (In English)
18 Hamilton A.C. Spenser and Langland. Studies in Philology (Univ. of North Carolina Press), vol. 55, no 4 (Oct. 1958), pp. 533–548. (In English)
19 Hamilton A.C. The Visions of Piers Plowman and The Faerie Queene. Form and Convention in the Poetry of Edmund Spenser, ed. W. Nelson. New York, Columbia Univ. Press, 1961, pp. 1–34. (In English)
20 Heninger S.K., Jr. Touches of Sweet Harmony: Pythagorean Cosmology and Renaissance Poetics. San Marino, 1974. XVII+446 p. (In English) Studia Litterarum /2019 том 4, № 1 116
21 Hopper V.F. Spenser’s ‘House of Temperance.’ Publications of Modern Language Association, 1940, vol. 55, no 4, pp. 958–967. (In English)
22 Hunter W.B., Jr. (ed. and introd.). The English Spenserians. The Poetry of Giles Fletcher, George Wither, Micheal Drayton, Phineas Fletcher, and Henry More. Salt Lake City, The Univ. of Uta Press, 1977. 453 p. (In English)
23 Klausner D.N., ed. The Castle of Perseverance. Kalamazoo, Michigan, Medieval Institute Publications, 2010. VII+145 p. (In English)
24 Lewis C.S. The Allegory of Love. New York, Oxford Univ. Press, 1958. 378 p. Electronic edition. Kindle Locations: 5998–6004. (In English)
25 MacCaffrey I.G. . MacCaffrey I.G. Spenser’s Allegory. The Anatomy of Imagination. Princeton, Princeton Univ. Press, 1976. XII+445 p. (In English)
26 Manguel A., Guadalupi G. The Dictionary of Imaginary Places. 2 nd expanded ed. New York, London, Harcourt, Inc., 1999. XVII+755 p. (In English)
27 Melchiori G. The Tightrope Walkers: Studies on Mannerism in Modern English Literature. London, Routledge, 1956. 277 p. (In English)
28 Melion W.; Rothstein B.; Weemans M. (eds.) The Anthropomorphic Lens: Anthropomorphism, Microcosmism and Analogy in Early Modern Thought and Visual Arts (Intersections). Leiden, Brill, 2014. 524 p. (In English)
29 Miller D.L. Alma’s Nought. Miller D.L. The Poem’s Two Bodies. The Poetics of the 1590 Faerie Queene. Princeton, Princeton Univ. Press, 1988, pp. 164–215. (In English)
30 Olson R. Arras Hanging: the Textile that Determined Early Modern Literature and Drama. Newark, Univ. of Delaware Press, 2013. VIII+171 p. (In English)
31 Pauw F. Landscaping the Body: Anatomical-Geographical Bawdy in Aristophanes and Shakespeare, and Politically Incorrect Humour. Akroterion, 2014, vol. 59, pp. 1–30. Available at: http://www.questia.com/read/1G1-420435897/landscaping-the-body- anatomical-geographical-bawdy (Accessed 01 December 2018). (In English)
32 Powell C.L. The Castle of the Body. Studies in Philology, 1919, no 16, pp. 197–205. (In English)
33 Ross Ch. Spenser’s Customs of Courtesy. Ross Ch. The Custom of the Castle. From Malory to Macbeth. Berkeley, California Univ. Press, 1997, pp. 83–103. (In English)
34 Røstvig M.-S. Configurations: A Topomorphical Approach to Renaissance Poetry. Oslo, Scandinavian Univ. Press, 1994. XX+582 p. (In English)
35 Sadowski P. Spenser’s “golden squire” and “golden Meane”: Numbers and Proportions in Book II of The Faerie Queene. Spenser Studies, 2000, no 14, pp. 107–131. (In English)
36 Schoenfeldt M. The Construction of Inwardness in The Faerie Queene, Book 2. Worldmaking Spenser. Explorations in the Early Modern Age, ed. P. Cheney and L. Silberman. Lexington, The Univ. Press of Kentucky, 2000, pp. 234–243. (In English) Мировая литература / Е.В. Халтрин-Халтурина
37 Smith D.K. The Cartographic Imagination in Early Modern England. Re-writing the World in Marlowe, Spenser, Raleigh and Marvell. Hampshire (UK), Ashgate Publishing Limited, 2008. 204 p. (In English)
38 Spenser E. The Faerie Queene, ed. by Bateson F.W. and Hamilton A.C. L.; New York, Longman, 1977. XIII+753 p. (Longman Annotated English Poets Ser.). (In English)
39 Summers D.A. Spenser’s Arthur. The British Arthurian Tradition and “The Faerie Queene”. New York, Oxford, University Press of America, 1997. VIII+278 p. (In English)
40 Trevisan S. The Impact of the Netherlandish Landscape Tradition on Poetry and Painting in Early Modern England. Renaissance Quarterly (Univ. of Chicago Press), 2013, vol. 66, no 3, pp. 866–903. (In English)
41 Upham A.H. The French Influence in English Literature: From the Accession of Elizabeth to the Restoration. New York, The Columbia University Press, 1908. IX+560 p. (In English)
42 Weemans M. Herri met de Bles’s “Way to Calvary”: A Silenic Landscape. Art History, 2009, vol. 32, no 2. Oxford, Blackwell Publishing, 2009, pp. 307–331. (In English)
43 Weemans M. Herri met de Bles’s Sleeping Peddler: An Exegetical and Anthropomorphic Landscape. The Art Bulletin, 2006, vol. 88, no 3, pp. 459–481. Available at: https://www.jstor.org/stable/25067262 (Accessed 01 December 2018). (In English)
44 Welsford E. The Court Masque. A Study in the Relationship between Poetry and the Revels. Cambridge, Cambridge Univ. Press, 1927. XV+434 p. (In English)
