Abstract
The essay discusses Thomas Mann’s symbolism and its parameters as well as Mann’s interpretation of the crisis of European spiritual values. Тhe author examines the role of Nietzsche in Mann’s heritage as well as interconnections between Mann and Wilde, Mann and Gide. Buddenbrooks is interpreted as a novel about the end of the German Renaissance; duality of the modern artist is shown on the example of “Tonio Kröger” while the paradoxes of his eroticism are analyzed on the example of “Der Tod in Venedig.”
References
1 Berdiaev N.A. Sud’ba Rossii. Krizis iskusstva [The fate of Russia. The crisis of art]. Moscow, Kanon; OI “Reabilitatsiia” Publ., 2004. 351 p. (In Russ.)
2 Zarubezhnaia literatura kontsa XIX — nachala XX veka [Foreign literature of the end of the 19 th — the beginning of the 20 th centuries], ed. V.M. Tolmachev, 4 th edition, revised and with ammendments. Moscow, Iurait Publ., 2013. 811 p. (In Russ.)
3 Mann T. Sobranie sochinenii: v 10 t. [Collection of works: in 10 vols.]. Moscow, GIKhL Publ., 1959–1961. (In Russ.)
4 Mann T. Pis’ma [Letters], ed. S.K. Apt. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1975. 463 p. (In Russ.)
5 Richard L. Entsiklopediia ekspressionizma: Zhivopis’ i grafika. Skul’ptura. Arkhitektura. Literatura. Dramaturgiia. Teatr. Kino. Muzyka [Companion to expressionism: Art and graphic. Sculpture. Architecture. Literature. Drama. Cinema. Music], L. Richard, V.D. Dube, A. Arnol’d and others; trans. from French N.V. Kislova and
others; ed. V.M. Tolmachev. Moscow, Respublika Publ., 2003. 430 p. (In Russ.)
6 Segal D.M. Russkii i nemetskii simvolizm v sravnitel’nom osveshchenii [Russian and German symbolism in comparative perspective]. Puti iskusstva: Simvolizm i evropeiskaia kul’tura XX veka [The paths of art. Symbolism and 20 th century European culture]. Moscow, Vodoley Publ., 2008, pp. 85–223. (In Russ.)
7 Tolmatchoff V.M. “Neznakomka” A. Bloka. Piat’ razborov. V. [“The Unknown woman” by Alexander Blok. Five readings]. Vestnik PSTGU. Filologiia. Moscow, 2009, no 2 (16), pp. 69–108. (In Russ.)
8 Tolmatchoff V.M. Gamsun i simvolizm [Gamsun and Symbolism]. Vestnik PSTGU. Filologiia. Moscow, 2010, no 2 (20), pp. 143–150. (In Russ.)
9 Tolmatchoff V.M. Liricheskii tsikl “Kust” M. Tsvetaevoi: sem’ interpretatsii. VII. [Marina Zvetaeva’s lyrical circle “Bush”: five interpertations]. Vestnik PSTGU. Filologiia. Moscow, 2010, no 3 (21), pp. 9–23. (In Russ.)
10 Tolmatchoff V.M. O granitsakh simvolizma [On the limits of symbolism]. Vestnik PSTGU. Filologiia. Filosofiia. Istoriia. Moscow, 2004, no 3, pp. 247–267. (In Russ.)
11 Tolmatchoff V.M. Ekspressionizm, ekspressiia, sub”ektivnost’: O granitsakh ekspressionizma [Expressionism, expression, and subjectivity: on the limits of Expressionism]. Vestnik PSTGU. Filologiia. Moscow, 2007, no 4, pp. 114–142. (In Russ.)
12 Eliot T.S. Besplodnaia zemlia [The Waste land], ed. V.M. Tolmatchoff, A.Iu. Zinov’eva. Moscow, Ladomir; Nauka Publ., 2014. 528 p. (In Russ.)
13 Entsiklopediia simvolizma: Zhivopis’, grafika i skul’ptura. Literatura. Muzyka, Kassu Zhan, Briunel’ P’er, Klodon Fransis i dr. [Companion to expressionism: Art and graphic. Sculpture. Architecture. Literature. Drama. Cinema. Music, Jean Cassous, Pierre Brunel, Francis Cloudon, etc.], ed. and foreword V.M. Tolmachev; trans. from French N.V. Kislova, N.T. Pakhsaryan. Moscow, Respublika Publ., 1999. 432 p. (In Russ.)
14 Tolmatchov V. Sobre as fronteiras do simbolismo [On the boundaries of symbolism]. Tipologia do simbolismo nas culturas russa e occidental [Symbolism typology in Russian and Western cultures], Org. por A. Cavaliere, E. Vassina, N. Silva. São Paulo, 2005, pp. 15–35. ( In Portuguese)