Studia Litterarum

Liudmila V. Fadeyeva, PhD in Philology, Head of the Folklore  Liudmila V. Fadeyeva, PhD in Philology, Head of the Folklore    and Folk Art Department of The State Institute for Art Studies of the Ministry of Culture    of the Russian Federation

The article examines the influence of Christian iconography on poetic images of Rus- The article examines the influence of Christian iconography on poetic images of Rus  sian, Ukrainian, and Belorussian spiritual verses. It claims that the icons that symbolize    the Passion of Jesus Christ, both in the Western and Eastern European traditions, are    possible sources of images and plots for a spiritual verse “Walking of the Virgin” (“Three    Tombs”). The essay specifically focuses on the image of the Holy Sepulcher in Russian    spiritual  verse  and  its  iconographic  sources.  It  discusses  a  number  of  cases  from  the    history of its iconography, from the images of the Holy Sepulcher in the Medieval Catho  lic churches to the ones in the Orthodox cathedrals and churches of the second half of      thth   17    — the beginning of the 18   century. In spiritual verse, the notion of the “tomb in    the church” as part of liturgical practice was related not only to death symbolism. In the    verse “Walking of the Virgin,” the image of three tombs, and primarily the tomb of the    Virgin, bears on the Western-European poetic tradition and includes images that func  tion to deny the idea of the finitude of human existence and reaffirm the idea of eternal    life. Flowers and birds over the tomb of the Virgin are emblematic: it is a verbal icon of a    kind that corresponds with the final episode of the poem, its climax. This emblem refers    to conventional images of the Christian iconography that convey Christian dogmas via a    combination of contradictory elements that we see, for example, in the traditional image    of the Flourishing Cross.

imagery of the Passions of Christ in Christian art and folklore, liturgical symbols,  imagery of the Passions of Christ in Christian art and folklore, liturgical symbols,    icons, spiritual verse

1 Agapkina T.A. Vostochnoslavianskie lechebnye zagovory v sravnitel’nom osveshchenii:  1 Agapkina T.A. Vostochnoslavianskie lechebnye zagovory v sravnitel’nom osveshchenii:    Siuzhetika i obraz mira  [East Slavic healing spells in comparative perspective: plots and   the image of the universe]. Moscow, Indrik Publ., 2010. 824 p. (In Russ.) 

2 Amroian I.F. Povtor v strukture fol’klornogo teksta (na materiale russkikh, bolgarskikh    i cheshskikh skazochnykh i zagovornykh tekstov) [Repetition in a structure of folklore text    (on the material of Russian, Bulgarian, and Czech fairy tales and charms)]. Moscow,    Gos. respub. tsentr rus. fol’klora Publ., 2005. 296 p. (In Russ.) 

3 Andreev M.L. Srednevekovaia evropeiskaia drama: Proiskhozhdenie i stanovlenie         th      th  (X–XIII vv.)  [Medieval European drama: origin and formation (the 10    — 13      centuries)]. Moscow, Iskusstvo Publ., 1989. 215 p. (In Russ.) 

4 Batalov A.L. Grob Gospoden’ v zamysle “Sviataia Sviatykh” Borisa Godunova [The  Holy Sepulcher in Boris Godunov’s germ “The Sanctum Sanctorum”]. Ierusalim v    russkoi kul’ture  [Jerusalem in Russian Culture]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1994,     pp. 154–171. (In Russ.) 

5 Batalov A.L. Moskovskoe kamennoe zodchestvo kontsa XVI veka: Problemy    khudozhestvennogo myshleniia epokhi  [Moscow stone architecture at the end of the     th  16   century: Aspects of artistic thinking of the time]. Moscow, Rossiiskaia akademiia    khudozhestv Publ., 1996, pp. 268–282. (In Russ.) 

6 Batalov A.L. Grob Gospoden’ v sakral’nom prostranstve russkogo khrama XVI–XVII   vekov [The Holy Sepulcher in the sacred space of Russian churches of the 16th  —     th  17   centuries].  Vostochnokhristianskie relikvii [Eastern Christian Relics]. Moscow,    Progress-Traditsia Publ., 2003, pp. 513–532. (In Russ.) 

7 Belevskaia eparkhiia [Belev eparchy]:  Official site. Novosti Aleksinskogo blagochiniia    [News of Aleksin deanery]. The date of publishing: 07.11.2013. Available at: http:// beleveparhia.ru/component/content/article/10-sobytiya/1693-chudesnoe  obretenie-skulpturnogo-obraza-khrista-spasitelya (Accessed 12 December 2017).     (In Russ.) 

8 Bessonov P.A. Kaleki perekhozhiye: Sbornik statei i issledovaniy  [Vagrant cripples:    Collection of spiritual verse and research]. Moscow, 1861, vol. 2, pp. 269–524; Moscow,    1863. Vol. 4. 252 p.; Moscow, 1864. Vol. 6. 328 p. (In Russ.) 9 Buchilina E.A. Dukhovnye stikhi: Kanty: Sbornik dukhovnykh stikhov Nizhegorodskoi    oblasti [Spiritual verse: chants: A collection of spiritual verse from Nizhegorodskaya    province]. Nizhny Novgorod, Nasledie Publ., 1999. 416 p. (In Russ.) 

10 Vaneian S.S. Arkhitektura i ikonografiia. “Telo simvola” v zerkale klassicheskoi metodologii    [Architecture and iconography. “The body of the symbol” in the reflection of classical    methodology]. Moscow, Progress-Traditsia Publ., 2010. 832 p. (In Russ.)

 11  Vasil’eva O.A. Dereviannaia plashchanitsa kak ikonograficheskii variant siuzheta    “Khristos vo grobe” iz sobraniia Pskovskogo muzeia [The wooden holy shroud as    an iconographic variant of the plot “Christ in the Sepulcher” from the collection   of Pskov museum]. Problemy izucheniia, sokhraneniia i ispol’zovaniia naslediia   khristianskoi dereviannoi skul’ptury. Permskaia dereviannaia skul’ptura v evropeiskom   khudozhestvennom kontekste: Materialy mezhregion. nauch. simpoziuma, 7–9 noiabria   2012 g. [Problems of studying, preservation, and usage of the heritage of Christian   wooden sculpture. Perm wooden sculpture in the European artistic context: The   materials of interregional academic symposium, November 7–9, 2012]. Perm, 2013,   pp. 143–151. (In Russ.) 

12       Veselovskii A.N. Iz istorii Naturgefühl [From the history of Naturgefühl].   Veselovskii A.N. Izbrannoe. Na puti k istoricheskoi poetike [Selected Works. Towards   historical poetics]. Moscow, Avtokniga Publ., 2010, pp. 295–303. (In Russ.) 

13       Veselovskii A.N. Iz poetiki rozy  [From the poetics of the rose]. Veselovskii A.N.   Izbrannoe. Na puti k istoricheskoi poetike  [Selected Works. Towards historical poetics].   Moscow, Avtokniga Publ., 2010, pp. 304–312. (In Russ.) 

14       Vinogradov N.N. Zagovory, oberegi, spasitel’nye molitvy i proch. (Po starinnym   rukopisiam i sovremennym zapisiam). Vyp. I [Spells, charms, saving prayers, etc.   (On ancient manuscripts and modern records). Vol. I]. Zhivaia starina, 1907, year XVI,   vol. II, part II, pp. 25–56. (In Russ.) 

15       Genon R. Simvolika kresta  [The symbolism of the cross]. Moscow, Progress-Traditsia   Publ., 2008. 704 p. (In Russ.) 

16       Gukhman S.N. Solovetskaia redaktsiia “Dokumental’nogo” skazaniia o dare shakha   Abbasa Rossii [Solovki edition of the “Documentary” saga about a gift of the shah   Abbas to Russia]. Trudy Оtdela drevnerusskoi literatury [Studies of the Old Russian   Literature Department]. Leningrad, Nauka, Leningradskoe otdelenie Publ., 1974,   vol. XХVIII, pp. 376–384. (In Russ.) 

17       John Damascene, st.  Tochnoe izlozhenie pravoslavnoi very  [An Exact Exposition of the  Orthodox Faith]. Moscow, Publ. of the Presentation of Christ in the Temple monastery.   2014. 591 p. (In Russ.) 

18       Materialy po etnografii russkogo naseleniia Arkhangel’skoi gubernii, sobrannye   P.S. Efimenko [The materials on ethnography of Russian population of Arkhangel’sk   province collected by P.S. Efimenko]. Moscow, Tipo-litografіia S.P. Arkhipova i K°   Publ., 1878. Vol. 2: Folk literature. 276 p. (In Russ.) 

19       Novaia skrizhal’ ili ob’iasnenie o tserkvi, o liturgii i o vsekh sluzhbakh i utvariakh   tserkovnykh Veniamina, arkhiepiskopa Nizhegorodskogo i Arzamasskogo: v 2 t. [The new   tablet, or an explanation about the church, the liturgy, and all services and things in   the church by Veniamin, the archbishop of Nizhny Novgorod and Arzamas: in 2 vol.].   Moscow, 1992. 272 p. + 256 p. (Reprint reproduction of the edition  — St. Petersburg,   1899.) (In Russ.) 

20       Pliukhanova M.B. Etiud o dreve Bogomateri [Essay about the tree of the Mother   of God]. Shipovnik: Istoriko-filologicheskii sbornik. K 60-letiiu R.D. Timenchika  [Wild Rose: Historical and philological collection of articles to the 60th anniversary  of R.D. Timenchik]. Moscow, Vodolei Publishers, 2005, pp. 341–353. (In Russ.) 

21      Pokrovskiy N.V. Evangelie v pamiatnikakh ikonografii preimushchestvenno vizantiiskikh  i russkikh [The Gospel in iconography monuments, mainly Byzantine and Russian].  Moscow, Progress-Traditsia, 2001. 564 p. (In Russ.) 

22      Selivanov F.M. Russkie narodnye dukhovnye stikhi:  Ucheb. posobie dlia filologicheskikh  fakul’tetov  [Russian folk spiritual verse: Manual for philological departments]. Yoshkar - Ola, MarGU Publ., 1995. 160 p. (In Russ.) 

23      Sokolov B.M. Ekskursy v oblast’ poetiki russkogo fol’klora [Insights into the poetics  of Russian folklore]. Khudozhestvennyi fol’klor. Moscow, 1926, no 1, pp. 30–53.   (In Russ.) 

24      Toporov V.N. Prostranstvo i tekst [Space and text]. Tekst: semantika i struktura  [Text:  semantics and structure]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1983, pp. 227–284. (In Russ.) 

25      Fadeyeva L.V. Bogoroditsa v russkikh zagovorakh (rol’ khristianskikh istochnikov  v formirovanii obraza)  [Theotokos in the Russian charms (the role of the Christian  sources in the image formation)]. PhD diss. M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University,  Moscow, 2000. 267 p. (In Russ.) 

26      Fadeyeva L.V. “Spishu tvoi lik na ikonu…”: iz nabliudenii nad smyslovymi  metamorfozami poeticheskoi formuly [“I’ll paint thy face on the icon…”: Some  observations about the metamorphosis of meaning in the poetic formula].   Traditsionnaia kul’tura, 2010, no 4, pp. 65–76. (In Russ.) 

27      Fasmer M. Etimologicheskii slovar’ russkogo iazyka: v 4 t.  [Etymological dictionary of  Russian language: in 4 vol.]. Moscow, Progress Publ., 1986. Vol. 2. 672 p. (In Russ.) 

28      Fedotov G.P. Stikhi dukhovnye. Russkaia narodnaia vera po dukhovnym stikham   [Spiritual verse. Russian popular faith in spiritual verse]. Moscow, Progress, Gnosis  Publ., 1991. 192 p. (In Russ.) 

29      Tsarevskaia T.J. O tsar’gradskikh relikviiakh Antoniia Novgorodskogo    [Constantinopolitan relics obtained by Anthony of Novgorod]. Vostochnokhristianskie  relikvii [Eastern Christian relics]. Moscow, Progress-Traditsia Publ., 2003,   pp. 398–414. (In Russ.) 

30      Shindin S.G. Prostranstvennaia organizatsiia russkogo zagovornogo universuma:  obraz tsentra mira [Spatial organization of the Russian charms’ universe: image of the  center of the world]. Issledovaniia v oblasti balto-slavianskoi dukhovnoi kul’tury. Zagovor   [Studies in the field of the Baltic and Slavic spiritual culture. Charm]. Moscow, Nauka  Publ., 1993, pp. 109–127. (In Russ.) 

31      Shindin S.G. K obshchei kharakteristike vostochnoslavianskikh zagovorov [On the  general characteristic of East Slavic charms]. Etnoiazykovaia i etnokul’turnaia istoriia   Vostochnoi Evropy [Ethno-cultural and ethnolinguistic history of Eastern Europe],  ed. by V.N. Toporov. Moscow, Indrik Publ., 1995, pp. 303–318. (In Russ.)