Abstract
The article focuses on cultural transfer — i. e. the process of “reformatting,” which ideas, texts and authors inevitably undergo while getting into a foreign context. Based on the analysis of Russian modernist literature, which intensively assimilated the ideas of Western literature, the article shows how major cultural phenomena became a “productive basis” both for literary achievements of equal merit and for “popular,” imitative ones. The paper draws particular attention to the fact that even early writings of some of Western European authors gained more popularity in Russia than in their home countries. However, due to the intensity of literary and social life in Russia in the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries, the readers’ receptivity to literary novelties also enhanced. Russian modernists turned to their European “teachers” in order to resolve new issues, but at the same time they reinterpreted them. The formation of Russian modernist aesthetics went hand in hand with a revision of aesthetic and ideological principles of European authors, and discussions about the ways of further development of Russian literature and the role, which the “transplantation” of the latest achievements of Western culture played in it, generated the basis for the first manifestations of the Russian version of modernist aesthetics.
Full text (HTML)
References
1 Abashina, M.G. Massovaia literatura 1880-kh – nachala 1890-kh godov (I.I. Iasinskii, V.I. Bibikov) [Mass Literature of the 1880s – Early 1890s (I.I. Yasinsky, V.I. Bibikov): PhD Thesis, Summary]. St. Petersburg, 1992. 16 p. (In Russ.)
2 Aikhenval’d, Iu.A. Don Kikhot na russkoi pochve [Don Quixote on Russian Ground], part 1. New York, Chalidze Publ., 1982. 357 p. (In Russ.)
3 Andrushchenko, E.A. “Sputniki D.S. Merezhkovskogo” [“Companions of D.S. Merezhkovsky”]. Merezhkovskii, D.S. Vechnye sputniki. Portrety iz vsemirnoi literatury [Eternal Companions. Portraits from World Literature], ed. by E.A. Andrushchenko. St. Petersburg, Nauka Publ., 2007, pp. 703–757. (In Russ.)
4 Bagno, V.E. “Poety ʽIskry’: Sharl’ Bodler, Nikolai Kurochkin i drugie” [“Iskra Poets: Charles Baudelaire, Nikolai Kurochkin and Others”]. Bagno, V.E. “Dar osobennyi”: Khudozhestvennyi perevod v istorii russkoi kul’tury [“Special Gift”: Literary Translation in the History of Russian Culture]. Moscow, Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie Publ., 2016, pp. 144–156. (In Russ.)
5 Bagno, V.E., and T.V. Misnikevich. “O, iskavshii Flober, ty predchuvstvoval nas (russkie perevody romana Salambo kak indikator smeny kul’turnykh epokh)” [ʽO Seeking Flaubert, You have Foreseen Us’ (The Russian Translations of ʽSalambbô’ as an Indicator of the Change of Cultural Epochs)]. Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta, vol. 19, issue 3, 2022, pp. 414–426. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu09.2022.301 (In Russ.)
6 Bashkeeva, V.V. Tvorchestvo I.I. Iasinskogo v literaturnom protsesse 80-kh godov XIX veka [Yasinsky in the Literary Process of the 80s of the 19th Century: PhD Dissertation]. Moscow, 1984. 202 p. (In Russ.)
7 Bibikov, V.I. Tri portreta: Stendal’ — Flober — Bodler [Three Portraits: Stendhal — Flaubert — Baudelaire]. St. Petersburg, Tipografiia L. Bermana i G. Rabinovicha Publ., 1890. 241 p. (In Russ.)
8 Boborykin, P.D. “Real’nyi roman vo Frantsii” [“Real Romance in France”]. Otechestvennye zapiski, vol. 226, no. 6, 1876, pp. 344–349. (In Russ.)
9 Bulgakov, F. “Smert’ naturalizma i nervoznaia poeziia” [“The Death of Naturalism and Nervous Poetry”]. Novoe vremia, no. 5525, 18 (30) July, 1891, p. 2. (In Russ.)
10 Vogiue, E.-M., de. “Predislovie k knige ʽRusskii roman’.” [“Preface to the Book ʽRussian Novel’.”], introd. and ed. by P.R. Zaborov, trans. from French by S.Iu. Vasil’eva. K istorii idei na Zapade: “Russkaia ideia” [On the History of Ideas in the West: “The Russian Idea”]. St. Petersburg, Petropolis Publ., 2010, pp. 499–534. (In Russ.)
11 Bagno, V.E., editor. Vozhdi umov i mody: Chuzhoe imia kak nasleduemaia model’ zhizni [Leaders of Minds and Fashion: Alien Name as an Inherited Model of Life]. St. Petersburg, Nauka Publ., 2003. 341 p. (In Russ.)
12 Gasparov, M.L. “Antinomichnost’ poetiki russkogo modernizma” [“The Antinomic Poetics”]. Gasparov, M.L. Izbrannye trudy [Selected Writings], vol. 2: O stikhakh [About Poetry]. Moscow, Iazyki russkoi kul’tury Publ., 1997, pp. 434–455. (In Russ.)
13 Danilevskii, R.Iu. “Russkii obraz Fridrikha Nitsshe” [“Russian Image of Friedrich Nietzsche”]. Levin, Iu.D., editor. Na rubezhe XIX i XX vekov: Iz istorii mezhdunarodnykh sviazei russkoi literatury [At the Turn of the 19th and 20th Centuries: From the History of International Relations of Russian Literature]. Leningrad, Nauka Publ., 1991, pp. 5–43. (In Russ.)
14 Zherebin, A. Vertikal’naia liniia: Venskii modern v smyslovom prostranstve russkoi kul’tury [Vertical Line: Viennese Art Nouveau in the Semantic Space of Russian Culture]. St. Petersburg, N.I. Novikov Publ., 2011. 533 p. (In Russ.)
15 Zaitsev, B. “Flober v Moskve” [“Flaubert in Moscow”]. Zaitsev, B.K. Sobranie sochinenii: v 5 t. [Collected Works: in 5 vols.], vol. 6 (add.): Moi sovremenniki: Vospominaniia. Portrety. Memuarnye povesti [My Contemporaries: Memoirs. Portraits. Memoir Stories]. Moscow, Russkaia kniga Publ., 1999, pp. 61–65. (In Russ.)
6 Zolia, E. “Realizm Flobera” [“Realism of Flaubert”]. Zhivopisnoe obozrenie, no. 22, 31 May, 1880, pp. 411–414. (In Russ.)
17 Zolia, E. “Flober i ego sochineniia” [“Flaubert and his Writings”]. Vestnik Evropy, no. 11, 1875, pp. 401–428. (In Russ.)
18 Niv, Zh., et al., editors. Istoriia russkoi literatury: XX vek: Serebrianyi vek [History of Russian Literature: 20th Century: The Silver Age]. Moscow, Progress Publ., 1995. 702 p. (In Russ.)
19 Lotman, Iu.M. Vnutri mysliashchikh mirov. Chelovek — tekst — semiosfera — istoriia [Inside the Thinking Worlds. Man — Text — Semiosphere — History]. Moscow, Iazyki russkoi kul’tury Publ., 1996. 447 p. (In Russ.)
20 Merezhkovskii, D.S. “O prichinakh upadka i o novykh techeniiakh sovremennoi russkoi literatury” [“On the Causes of the Decline and New Trends in Modern Russian Literature”]. Merezhkovskii, D.S. Vechnye sputniki. Portrety iz vsemirnoi literatury [Eternal Companions. Portraits from World Literature], ed. by E.A. Andrushchenko. St. Petersburg, Nauka Publ., 2007, pp. 428–502. (In Russ.)
21 Minaev, D.D. “Iz dnevnika Psevdonimova” [“From Psevdonimov’s Diary”]. Vremia, no. 1, 1861, p. 75. (In Russ.)
22 Mints, Z.G. “ʽNovye romantiki’ (K probleme russkogo presimvolizma)” [“On the Problem of Russian Pre-Symbolism)”]. Tynianovskii sbornik: Tret’i Tynianovskie chteniia [Tynyanov Collection: Third Tynyanov Readings]. Riga, Zinatne Publ., 1984, pp. 144–158. (In Russ.)
23 Mints, Z.G. “Stat’ia N. Minskogo ʽStarinnyi spor’ i ee mesto v stanovlenii russkogo simvolizma” [“N. Minsky’s Article ʽAncient Dispute’ and Its Place in the Development of Russian Symbolism”]. Biografiia i tvorchestvo v russkoi kul’ture nachala XX veka: Blokovskii sbornik IX. Uchenye zapiski Tartuskogo universitetata [Biography and Creativity in Russian Culture of the Early 20th Century: Blok Collection 9. Scholarly Notes of Tartu University], issue 857. Tartu, Tartu State University Publ., 1989, pp. 44–57. (In Russ.)
24 Mikhailovskii, N.K. “Russkoe otrazhenie frantsuzskogo simvolizma” [“Russian Reflection of French Symbolism”]. Russkoe bogatstvo, no. 2, 1893, pp. 45–68. (In Russ.)
25 Fridshtein, Iu.G., editor. Moris Meterlink v Rossii Serebrianogo veka [Maurice Maeterlinck in Silver Age Russia], comp. M.V. Lindstrem. Moscow, All-Russian State Library For Foreign Literature Publ., 2001. 286 p. (In Russ.)
26 Nymm, E. Literaturnaia pozitsiia Ieronima Iasinskogo (1880–1890-e gody) [Literary Position of Hieronymus Yasinsky (1880–1890s)]. Tartu, Tartu University Press, 2003. 165 p. (In Russ.)
27 Pavlova, M.M. “Preodolevaiushchii zolaizm, ili russkoe otrazhenie frantsuzskogo simvolizma (Ranniaia proza F. Sologuba v svete ʽeksperimental’nogo metoda’)” [“Overcoming Zolaism, or the Russian Reflection of French Symbolism (Early Prose of F. Sologub in the Light of the ʽExperimental Method’)”]. Russkaia literatura, no. 1, 2002, pp. 211–220. (In Russ.)
28 Pavlova, T.V. “Oskar Uail’d v russkoi kul’ture (konets XIX – nachalo XX v.)” [“Oscar Wilde in Russian Culture (The Late 19th – Early 20th Centuries)”]. Levin, Iu.D., editor. Na rubezhe XIX i XX vekov: Iz istorii mezhdunarodnykh sviazei russkoi literatury: sbornik nauchnykh trudov [At the Turn of the 19th and 20th Centuries: From the History of International Relations of Russian Literature: A Collection of Scientific Papers]. Leningrad, Nauka Publ., 1991, pp. 77–128. (In Russ.)
29 Pil’d, L. “Ieronim Iasinskii: pozitsiia i reputatsiia v literature” [“Hieronymus Yasinsky: Position and Reputation in Literature”]. Aleksandr Blok i russkaia literatura pervoi poloviny XX veka: Blokovskii sbornik XVI [Alexander Blok and Russian Literature of the First Half of the 20th Century: Blok Collection, 16]. Tartu, Tartu State University Publ., 2003, pp. 36–51. (In Russ.)
30 Polonskii, V.V. GALLO-ROSSICA: Iz istorii russko-frantsuzskikh literaturnykh sviazei kontsa XVIII – nachala XX veka [GALLO-ROSSICA: From the History of Russian-French Literary Relations in the Late 18th – Early 20th Century]. Moscow, IWL RAS Publ., 2019. 416 p. (In Russ.)
31 Rozanov, V.V. “Vozle ʽRusskoi idei’.” [“Near the ʽRussian Idea’.”] Russkoe slovo, no. 165, 19 July, 1911. (In Russ.)
32 Sviatopolk-Mirskii, D.S. Istoriia russkoi literatury s drevneishikh vremen po 1925 god [History of Russian Literature from Ancient Times to 1925]. Novosibirsk, Svin’in i synov’ia Publ., 2005. 965 p. (In Russ.)
33 Urusov, A.I. Stat’i ego o teatre, o literature i ob iskusstve. Pis’ma ego. Vospominaniia o nem [His Articles about the Theater, about Literature and about Art. His letters. Memories of him], vol. 1. Moscow, I.N. Kholchev Publ., 1907. 470 p. (In Russ.)
34 Etkind, E.G. Seminarii po frantsuzskoi stilistike: v 2 ch. [Seminar in French Stylistics: in 2 parts], part 2: Poeziia [Poetry]. Leningrad, Uchpedgiz Publ., 1961. 225 p. (In Russ.)
35 Vogüé, Eugene-Melchior de. Le Roman russe. Paris, E. Plon, Nourrit et C-ie, Imprimeurs-Editeurs, 1886. 347 p. (In French)
