Abstract
The aim of this article is to highlight the stages and the tendencies in the development of the so called “estate text” in the poetry of the 19th century. Namely, it shows how a new invariant model developed at the turn of the 18th and 19th century and how it was transformed in the work of A.A. Fet. The article studies the key features of the new elegiac model at semantic, syntaxic, and pragmatic levels and examines how the model was integrated in Fet’s poetry. I argue that Fet excludes biographical, literary, and historical contexts of the estate topos and continues its interiorization initiated by the poets of the early 19th century. The opposite trend is to be found in the works of Fet’s contemporaries, where the estate topos accumulates cultural memory and actualizes the genre of ruistic elegy that describes ancient dilapidated estates and neglected gardens and that was developed at the beginning of the 19th century (A.K. Tolstoy, A.N. Maykov). In the second part of the 19th century, a number of literary tendencies influenced on the estate poetry. They include prosaization of poetic forms (that resulted in either acceptance of prosaic influence or distancing from it); polemics between “realists” and supporters of “pure art”; the phenomenon of “solitary consciousness” and attempts to overcome it. Extra-literary prerequisites are associated with the peasant reform that caused the ruin of the so called “noble nests” or a change in the socio-historical conditions of their functioning.
References
1 Averintsev S.S. Istoricheskaia podvizhnost’ kategorii zhanra: opyt periodizatsii [Historical mobility of the category of the genre: the experience of periodization]. In: Istoricheskaia poetika. Itogi i perspektivy izucheniia [Historical poetics. Results and perspectives of the study]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1986, pp. 104–116. (In Russ.)
2 Baratynskii E.A. Stikhotvoreniia i poemy [Poems and poems]. Moscow, Profizdat Publ., 2011. 256 p. (In Russ.)
3 Bukhshtab B.Ia. A.A. Fet [A.A. Fet]. In: Fet A.A. Stikhotvoreniia i poemy [Poems]. Leningrad, Sovetskii pisatel’ Publ., 1986. 752 p. (In Russ.)
4 Gasparov M.L. Ocherk istorii russkogo stikha: Metrika, ritmika, rifma, strofika [Essay on the history of Russian verse: Metric, rhythm, rhyme, stanza]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1984. 319 p. (In Russ.)
5 Zhaplova T.M. Usadebnaia poeziia v russkoi literature XIX veka [Estate poetry in Russian literature of the 19th century]. Orenburg, Izd-vo OPGU Publ., 2004. 232 p. (In Russ.)
6 Zhemchuzhnikov A. M. Izbrannye proizvedeniia [Selected works], ed. E. Pokusaev. Moscow, Leningrad, Sovetskii pisatel’ Publ., 1963. 416 p. (In Russ.)
7 Kozubovskaia G.P. A. Fet i problema mifologizma v russkoi poezii XIX — nachala XX vekov [Fet and the problem of mythologism in Russian poetry of the 19th — early 20th centuries: PhD thesis, summary]. St. Petersburg, 1994. 46 р. (In Russ.)
8 Maikov A.N. Izbrannoe [Chosen], ed. N. Gaidenkov. Leningrad, Sovetskii pisatel’ Publ., 1952. 324 p. (In Russ.)
9 Sel’skaia usad’ba v russkoi poezii XVIII — nachala XIX veka [Country estate in the Russian poetry of the 18th — early 19th centuries], comp., introd., comm. by E.P. Zykova. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 2005. 432 p. (In Russ.)
10 Senderovich S.Ia. Figura sokrytiia. Izbrannye raboty: v 2 t. [The figure of concealment. Selected works: in 2 vols.]. Moscow, Iazyki slavianskoi kul’tury Publ., 2012. Vol. 1: O russkoi poezii XIX i XX vekov. Ob istorii russkoi khudozhestvennoi kul’tury [On the history of Russian art culture]. 600 p. (In Russ.)
11 “Sovremennik” protiv “Moskvitianina”. Literaturno-kriticheskaia polemika pervoi poloviny 1850-kh godov [“Sovremennik” vs. “Moskvityanina”. Literary and critical debate in the first half of the 1850s], ed. A.V. Vdovin, K.Iu. Zubkov, A.S. Fedotov. St. Petersburg, Nestor-Istoriia Publ., 2015. 872 p. (In Russ.)
12 Teoriia literatury [Theory of literature]: ucheb. posobie dlia stud. filol. fak. vyssh ucheb. zavedenii: v 2 t., ed. by N.D. Tamarchenko. Moscow, Izdatel’skii tsentr “Akademiia” Publ., 2004. Vol. 2: S.N. Broitman. Istoricheskaia poetika [S.N. Breitman. Historical poetics]. 368 p. (In Russ.)
13 Tynianov Iu.N. Pushkin i ego sovremenniki [Pushkin and his contemporaries]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1968. 424 p. (In Russ.)
14 Tiupa V.I. Literatura i mental’nost’ [Literature and Mentality]. Moscow, Izdatel’stvo Iurait Publ., 2018. 231 p. (In Russ.)
15 Fet A.A. Vechernie ogni [Evening lights], ed. by D.D. Blagoy. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1979. 815 p. (In Russ.)
16 Fet A.A. Stikhotvoreniia i poemy [Poems], comp., introd., comm. by B.Ia. Bukhshtab. Leningrad, Sovetskii pisatel’ Publ., 1986. 752 p. (In Russ.)
17 Shenle A. Arkhitektura zabveniia: ruiny i istoricheskoe soznanie v Rossii Novogo vremeni [Architecture of oblivion: ruins and historical consciousness in modern Russia]. Moscow, Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie Publ., 2018. 360 p. (In Russ.)
18 Shchukin V.G. Rossiiskii genii prosveshcheniia. Issledovaniia v oblasti mifopoetiki i istorii idei [Russian genius of enlightenment. Research in mythopoetics and the history of ideas]. Moscow, ROSSPEN Publ., 2007. 608 p. (In Russ.)
